Debt Debt (Bag. 1)

Accounts receivable, among one of the transactions and the fabric of social interaction, are assembled in a form of muamalah that remains from every age to time. Receivable debt is not just an economic mechanism to meet material needs only because on the other hand, debt receivables become a real reflection of the principle Terror (Please help) great in Islam.

In the view of the Shari’a, the debt of receivables is not a trivial or trivial matter. It is a large case, has a high risk and heavy mandate burden. Even in Islam, the obligation to pay off debt is attached to the soul of a believer until the hereafter later. This shows how serious this case is in the scales of Islam. Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam say,

The soul of a believer was suspended by his religion until he was eliminated

“The soul of a believer depends (restrained) on his debt, until the debt is paid off.” (Hours in Tirmidzi and narrated by Sheikh al-Albani)

Therefore, knowing about the laws relating to debt receivables is very important. Even came out statement From some science experts who say that the debt of receivables is included in the fiqh chapter that has the most relationship with usury. So knowing it is an important thing.

Definition of Debt Receivables

In Arabic, accounts receivable debt is commonly referred to as القَرْضُ (Al-Tardy). Thus the scholars mention the debt in their book.

Based on language, Al-Tardy means اCut (Al-Qatu) which means “cut”. Because someone who gives a loan seems to cut his wealth to be given to others and returned in the same amount.

In terms, Al-Tardy is giving property to someone to be used and replied to his successor.

The argument can be a debt debt

The proposition of the Qur’an

Allah Story said,

Who is the person who lends to God a good loan, then weakens it for big weaknesses ۗ

“Who wants to give a good loan to God? He will double (payment for the loan) for him many times.” (Surah Al-Baqarah: 245)

In this verse, God Story Equating the practice of pious and swinging in the way of God with Qardh (loan). This shows the virtue Qardh. Allah Story Forgive the multiple reward in a replacement from giving loans. And Allah does not equate His reward except with something great. Then this shows that Qardh is a noble and good practice.

On the other hand, Islam upholds to help others, facilitate the difficulties of other Muslims. From Abu Hurairah, Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam say,

Anyone who breathes from believers is the trouble from the ruler of the world and the last

“Whoever eliminates one difficulty of another believer from his difficulty in the world, surely Allah will eliminate from him one difficulty on the Day of Judgment. Whoever relieves people who are troubled (in his debt), surely Allah will alleviate for him (his affairs) in the world and the hereafter.” (HR. Muslim)

The argument from As-Sunnah

The hadith narrated by Ibn Majah and declared by Sheikh al-Albani Rahimahullah. From Ibn Mas’ud Radhiyallahu ‘anhu That the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam say,

No Muslim lent a Muslim who has two times, but he believes in him once

“It is not Muslim who lent it to Muslims twice, except as the first gift.” (HR. Ibnu Majah was sacrified by Sheikh al-Albani in Galil Irraul NO. 1389)

In another hadith, from Abu Rafi ‘, he told,

That the messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be on him, He was raised, and He said: I did not find it except for honesty, so he said: I gave it to him, if the choice of people is the best of them as justice.

“Indeed, the Prophet 1 Have borrowed young camels (Bakr) from a man. Then come to him a camel charity. He then ordered Abu Rafi ‘to return the young camel. Then Abu Rafi ‘returned to him and said,’ I did not find a camel except camels that had reached the age of Ruba’i (his front teeth had grown everything). ‘So he said,’ give him a camel, because the best of men is the best in paying debt. ” (HR. Muslim no. 1600)

Argument ijma ‘

Meanwhile ijma ‘, It has been quoted by an agreement from the scholars to be prescribed as a debt of receivables. Either borrow or provide loans. Ibnu Hazm Rahimahullah say,

They agreed that loans were good actions and that was for a limited time

“They (the scholars) agreed that (giving) a loan is a good deed, and (loan) is until the specified time limit.”

Ibn Qudamah Rahimahullah in the Al-Mughni also says,

Muslims agreed that the loan was permitted

“Muslims have agreed to debt.”

So it can be known that debt debt is a transaction that is allowed in Islam, of course, with the terms and laws that need to be known. Because the debt of receivables is very close to usury. If you do not know about matters relating to debt receivables, it is feared that it will easily fall to usury. Na’udzubillah Min Dzalik.

Hope it is useful. Wallahu a’lam.

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Also read: 4 Things to Know Before Obid

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Depok, 21 Muharam 1447/16 July 2025

Writer: Zia Abdurrofi

Article Muslim.or.id

Reference:

Fiqhul mu’amalat al-maliyah al-muyassar, Dr. Abdurrahman bin Hamud.

Sahih Fiqh Sunnah (Volume 5), Karya Abu Malik Kamal Bin Sayyid Salim.

Al-mukhtashor fil mu’amalat, The work of Prof. Dr. Khalid bin al-Musyyqih.