FIKIH PRIVATE FRIDAY (TAS. 1)

Friday sermon is one of the great symbols in Islam that accompanied the Friday prayer. He is not just a yard advice, but a part of worship that has its own law in fiqh, with harmony and conditions that must be met so that Friday prayers are valid. Therefore, understanding the ins and outs of Friday sermons is important for the preachers and worshipers.

In these two radiant articles, we will discuss various laws and etiquette related to Friday sermons based on trusted classic fiqh references. In this first part, we will review two main points: when the commencement of Friday sermons and what are the conditions and pillars that must be met in its implementation.

When did the commence on Friday sermons?

Required in the Friday sermon, that the implementation must be in Friday prayers. If the sermon is carried out before Friday prayers, the sermon is invalid. [1]

Furthermore, the scholars disagree about the beginning of Friday prayers:

First opinion: The Hanafiyah, Malikiyah, and Syafi’iyah schools argue that Friday time is the time of zuhr. Thus, the Friday prayer obligation is not valid and the implementation is invalid except after entering the time of noon, that is, since the slip of the sun.

Second opinion: As for Hanabilah [2]They argue that the beginning of time is the beginning of the Id prayer time. They are in -laws with Muslim hadith from Jabir bin ‘Abdillah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu that,

He prayed and then went to our beauty, so we comforted him. Abdullah increased in his speech: when the sun disappeared -meaning: clear

“He (the Prophet) used to pray, then we went to our camels and let him rest.” Abdullah added in his history, “ie when the sun slipped” (what is meant: the camels used). (HR. Muslim, Book of Al-Jumuh, Chapter Friday Salat When the sun slipped, 2: 588, no. 858)

But according to them, the implementation after the sunlight remains more important.

Ibn Qudamah [3] —D and this opinion is led by Sheikh Ibn ‘Utsaimin Rahimahullah [4]– states that Friday prayers are one Sa’ah (Clock) Before the sun slipped, based on the hadith of Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

Anyone who was washing on Friday washing kemasan and then left, as if he was close to the offer, and anyone who went on the second hour, as if he was close to a cow, and whoever went at three o’clock, as if he was close to the male sheep, and anyone who went at four o’clock near egging, and Maxa near a chicken, and anyone who would come at five o’clock, as if he was near Egg.

“Whoever takes a shower on Friday with a shower Janabah and then departs, so as if he sacrificed with a camel; who departed in the second hour like sacrificing with cows; at the third hour like sacrificing with horned goats; at the fourth hour like sacrificing with chickens; at the fifth hour like sacrifice with eggs; and if the priest has come out, then the angels are present to listen to dhikr.” (HR. Bukhari no. 841 and Muslim no. 850)

This shows that there are five Sa’ah (hours) before the priest rises the pulpit. And it is stated that in the sixth hour, the angels listen to dhikr (ie sermons), which means it occurs before the sun slips for an hour.

Nevertheless, the most powerful and more careful opinion is that Friday prayers are carried out after the sun slipping, as narrated by Al-Bukhari from Anas Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

Prophet, may God give him up and give him peace, pray on Friday when the sun is tilted

“Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam Usually Friday prayers when the sun has been leaning. ” (HR. Bukhari no. 862)

And this is the practice most often done by the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. [5]

Terms and Pillars of the Friday Sermon

Based on the sharia argument, especially the Prophet’s actions sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam; The scholars concluded that there were pillars and conditions related to Friday sermons. If there is one of the pillars or conditions that are not met, then the Friday sermon is invalid.

Ibn Naqib Al-Mishriy in his book ‘Umdah ashes’ already anniversary [6] Mention the pillars and conditions.

Pillars of Sermon

There are five pillars of Friday sermons, namely:

First: Praise Allah Ta’ala

This is based on the Hadith of Jabir Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

Apostle of Allah ﷺ preaching, praise for God Almighty, and praise Him what his family is

“Rasulullah sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam used to preach by praising God and flattering Him as He has the right. ” (HR. Muslim no. 867)

Second: Pray for the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam

God said,

And we raised you for your memory

“And we have raised the name (your name).” (Surah Al-Shairah: 4)

Told by Ibn Hibban, in the hadith Qudsi Who is the interpretation of the verse, God said,

I just remember you mentioned me

“I am not mentioned, but you are also called me.((HR)

Third: the will of fear

These three pillars must be in both sermons. Lafaz “Al-Haamdu Lillah” And greetings must be mentioned explicitly, while the will of the will not be needed of course – enough with words like, “Fear God” or “Obey God”.

Fourth: Read one verse of the Qur’an in one of the two sermons

This, based on some history, including the Hadith of Jabir Bin Samurah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

And he reads the verses, and he remembers the Almighty God, and his engagement is intended, and his prayer is intention

“He reads a few verses and mentioning Allah ‘Azza from Jalla. The sermon is – not long and not short. ” (HR. Muslim no. 862)

Fifth: Pray for the believers in the second sermon

In general, the argument of the five pillars above is the practice of the Prophet’s sermon sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. [7] Wallaahu a’lam.

Terms of Sermon Friday

Required in the implementation of Friday sermons the following matters:

First: Holy from hadas and benchesas the requirements for prayers.

Second: close the genitalsBecause sermons are equated with prayers in this case.

Third: held in the time of noon before Friday prayersBased on the Hadith Salamah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

We gather with God’s messenger if the sun sets

“We used to appear on Friday with the Prophet Sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam When the sun has slipped, then go home following the direction of the shadow (after zawal). ” (HR. Muslim no. 860)

Has passed in a deeper language at the beginning of this article.

Fourth: done in a state For those who are able, As God said,

And you have a position

“And they leave you in a state.” (Surah Al-Jumu ‘and: 11)

And Jabir Bin Samurah’s Speech Radhiyallahu ‘anhu,

Anyone who tells you that he preaches sitting, he lies

“Anyone who tells you that the Messenger of Allah sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam Never preached while sitting, then he had lied. ” (HR. Muslim no. 862)

Fifth: There is sitting between two sermons.

Sixth: lifting the sound to be heard by 40 pilgrims, with which Friday is considered valid.

Proposition is the word of God,

And if the reader is read

“And when the Qur’an is read, listen and be quiet for your grace.” (Surah Al-Af: 204)

The interpretations say that this verse comes down related to Friday sermons, and is called “Al-Qur’an” because in it read verse. “Silence” here means a calm and listening attitude with attention. [8]

Thus the discussion about time, harmony, and requirements for Friday sermons. Hopefully useful and become a provision in maintaining the perfection of worship. In the second part, Willing God It will be discussed practical problems around Friday sermons that often occur in the community.

[Bersambung]

Also read: Never worry about your fortune, because God guarantees

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Rumdin Ppia Sragen, 23 Zulkaidah 1446

Writer: Prasetyo Abu Ka’ab

Article Muslim.or.id

Main reference:

Aaghaa al-Nuri, Qasim Muhammad. Fath al-iilah al-Malik ‘ala’ umdat as-Salik wa ‘uddat an-nasik. First print. Cairo: Maktabah Dar Al-Fajr, 1437/2016.

Ath-Tayyar, Abdullah bin Muhammad. Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar: Pat. Fourth edition. Riyadh: Madarulul Wathan, 1439 /

Footnote:

[1] Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar, 1: 428.

[2] As mentioned in Al-Mughni By Ibn Qudamah, 3: 239-243.

[3] al-mughni, 3: 240.

[4] Ash-Syarh Al-Mumti ‘, 5: 33.

[5] Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar, 1: 423.

[6] ‘Umdah asmed’ already a neasik son matter. 158-159.

[7] Look Fatl-.matter. 234-235; And Al-Mawsūah Al-Fiqiyyah Al-Kuwaytiyah, 19: 177-178.

[8] Extracted from Fatl-.matter. 235-236. See too Al-Mawsūah Al-Fiqiyyah Al-Kuwaytiyah, 19: 178-181.